Echo basics: Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common pathology detected during echocardiography. Accurate identification and grading rely heavily on colour and spectral Doppler imaging across multiple standard views.
René-Jacques Croissant de Garengeot
René-Jacques Croissant de Garengeot (1688–1759), Parisian surgeon, described appendix in femoral hernia, wrote on lacrimal surgery, and devised the tooth key
Abraham Jacobi
German-born American pediatrician Abraham Jacobi (1830–1919) founded U.S. pediatrics, led reform in child health, and shaped medical education and policy.
Neuro 101: Brainstem
Neuro 101: The brainstem is organised into three regions: the medulla, pons, and midbrain. A review of pathology and syndromes
Thomas Lewis
Pioneer of clinical cardiac electrophysiology, Sir Thomas Lewis (1881–1945) advanced ECG use, defined effort syndrome, and discovered the Lewis Triple Response.
Lenègre-Lev disease
Acquired fibrous degeneration of the left and right bundle branches, eventually manifesting as permanent complete atrioventricular (AV) dissociation with cardiac pauses and Adams-Stokes attacks
Robert Graves
Robert James Graves (1796–1853): Irish physician, pioneer of bedside teaching, described Graves’ disease, reformed fever care, and influenced modern clinical medicine.
Charles McBurney
Charles Heber McBurney (1845 – 1913) was an American surgeon. Most famous for McBurney's point (1889) and McBurney's incision (1894) Medical Eponym.
Echo basics: Mitral Valve
The mitral valve is a dominant structure in most standard echocardiographic views. Understanding its anatomy in each window is essential for accurate assessment.
Neuro 101: Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
Neuro 101: The primary role of the cerebellum is to modulate the descending fibres of the corticospinal tract. It regulates muscle tone and coordination and controls posture and gait.
John Hay
John Hay (1873-1959) English physician first to record second degree atrioventricular (AV) block now better known as Mobitz type II AV block
Jean Lenègre
Jean Lenègre (1904–1972), French cardiologist, defined Lenègre’s disease and pioneered cardiac electrophysiology, catheterization, and bundle branch pathology