List the techniques / measurements that are available to assess the circulation status of a patient in the intensive care unit.

Outline the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques used in the diagnosis and monitoring of vasospasm secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

The following data refer to a 65-year-old male admitted to ICU with septic shock on a background of active rheumatoid arthritis.

Compare and contrast the intraventricular catheter and the intraparenchymal fibreoptic transducer for intracranial pressure monitoring in critically ill patients.

List the possible reasons why a patient with septic shock from infected pancreatitis may have ongoing hypotension despite intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics and escalating inotrope requirement.