Central Venous Catheters
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) is a cannula placed in a central vein (e.g. subclavian, internal jugular or femoral)
Cardiac Output Measurement
Cardiac output; Adolf Eugen Fick (1829-1901) in 1870, was the first to measure cardiac output; assumes oxygen consumption is a function of rate of blood flow and rate of oxygen pick pick up by RBC’s.
Capnography and CO2 Detectors
Capnography and CO2 Detectors: help confirm endotracheal intubation; monitor ventilation during procedural sedation (e.g. via Hudson mask) without mechanical ventilation; monitoring during mechanical ventilation
Capnography Waveform Interpretation
Capnography waveform interpretation can be used for diagnosis and ventilator-trouble shooting. The CO2 waveform can be analyzed for 5 characteristics:–Height–Frequency–Rhythm–Baseline–Shape
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) Ventilation
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) apparatus are also known as manual resuscitators and as self-inflating resuscitation systems
AHA/ACC Guidelines (2007)
AHA/ACC Guidelines (2007) – Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation of the Patient undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery Take Home Message = if assessment and evaluation not indicated irrespective of perioperative context then just crack on (its all about symptoms). 3 factors involved in risk…
Bubble CPAP
USES neonatal respiratory failure (surfactant deficiency) asthma bronchiolitis DESCRIPTION METHOD OF INSERTION 3 basic parts: (1) supply humidified and heated air(2) nasal cannula or face mask(3) positive pressure provided by depth of immersion of the expiratory air flow in water…
Blood Warmer
Blood Warmer: Used with rapid transfusion rates (e.g. >50 mL/kg/hr), in already hypothermic patients or rare conditions where cold fluid delivery is problematic (e.g. cold agglutinins); massive transfusion (avoid hypothermia)
Blood gas syringe
Blood gas syringe: used for blood gas analysis; collection of a blood sample for accurate analysis by a blood gas machine
Arterial line and Pressure Transducer
Arterial line and Pressure Transducer
Blood filter
Blood filter: removal of microaggregates during blood transfusion; platelet, leucocyte and fibrin aggregates form in stored blood and are thought to produce pulmonary microembolism -> pulmonary dysfunction
Emergent Valve Disorders
Emergent Valve Disorders: regurgitation most common; acute or acute on chronic valve dysfunction; acute on chronic often precipitated by increase in metabolic or haemodynamic requirements (sepsis, bleeding, pregnancy).