
Phalen test
Phalen test variants for carpal tunnel syndrome: classic wrist-flexion, modified Phalen and reverse Phalen/Wormser test explained.

Phalen test variants for carpal tunnel syndrome: classic wrist-flexion, modified Phalen and reverse Phalen/Wormser test explained.

Hoffmann-Tinel sign is paresthesia in the distal cutaneous distribution of an injured peripheral nerve evoked by tapping on the nerve more proximally.

Carpal tunnel syndrome clinical signs: Hoffmann–Tinel, Phalen, Durkan, Katz hand diagram, flick sign, CTS-6 and related tests.

Centre-edge angle of Wiberg measures lateral acetabular coverage. Review the original 1939 method, later modifications, normal values and definition drift.

Trethowan sign is a historical SCFE radiographic sign linked to William Henry Trethowan. Review its uncertain origin, evolving definition and relation to Klein line.

Reimers migration percentage quantifies lateral hip displacement in children. Review the original 1980 method, Perkins line, modern variants and clinical use.

Armin Klein (1892–1954), American orthopaedic surgeon known for Klein line and work on slipped capital femoral epiphysis, scoliosis and paediatric orthopaedics.

Klein line is an AP hip radiographic sign used in suspected SCFE. Review the original description, modern interpretation, limitations and modified Klein line.

Tönnis angle is the acetabular roof angle used to assess hip dysplasia. Review its measurement, normal ranges, history from Horváth and Hilgenreiner, and eponymythology.

George Perkins (1892-1979) was an English orthopaedic surgeon known for Perkins line, Perkins traction, functional fracture treatment and British orthopaedic leadership.

Hilgenreiner line is the horizontal pelvic reference line used in paediatric hip radiographs. Review its use in DDH, history, Perkin line relationship and eponymythology.

Rolando fracture is a comminuted intra-articular fracture of the base of the first metacarpal. History, mechanism, imaging, management and eponym.