OVERVIEW Sickle cell disease is caused by HbS haemoglobinopathy which produces rigid, distorted and dysfunctional erythrocytes called sickle cells CAUSE Types of sickle cell disease sickle cell anemia (usually homozygous SS genotype) sickle beta thalassemia sickle HbC disease PRECIPITANTS Commonly:…
Polycythaemia = elevated Hb concentration from either increased RBC mass or decreased plasma volume
Massive Blood Loss
Heparin Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopaenia Syndrome (HITTS or HIT)
Discrepancies between NIBP and Arterial Pressure
Blood Product Compatibility
Elder abuse refers to any form of maltreatment of an older dependent person. The abuser typically has a close relationship to the elderly person
Toxic megacolon is colonic dilation (>6cm) with systemic toxicity, usually due to an acute colitis; can involve the whole colon or only one segment.
Tetralogy of Fallot; cyanotic congenital heart disease
Myotomes and Differentiating Nerve Lesions
Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine malignancies typically located in the GI tract; most commonly in the terminal ilium and appendix.
Retroperitoneal haemorrhage is bleeding into the retroperitoneal space, either occurring spontaneously or secondary to an injury or illness