Franciscus Donders
Franciscus Donders (1818–1889), Dutch ophthalmologist and physiologist, pioneered refraction studies, eye movement laws, and mental chronometry
Medical Specialty
William Cumming
William Cumming (1822–1855), Moorfields surgeon who first observed the living eye’s luminous reflex, paving the way for Helmholtz’s ophthalmoscope.
Heinrich Küchler
Heinrich Küchler (1811–1873): German ophthalmologist who pioneered early eye charts, advanced corneal surgery, and reformed medical and military health services
Eduard Jaeger
Eduard Jaeger (1818–1884), Austrian ophthalmologist; introduced Jaeger Test-Types, advanced ophthalmoscopy, and first described diabetic retinopathy
Louise Sloan
Louise L. Sloan (1898–1982) developed Sloan optotypes (LogMAR), pioneering colour vision screening, perimetry, and low-vision rehabilitation
Barlow syndrome
Barlow syndrome (primary billowing mitral leaflet syndrome (BMLS)). Auscultatory findings of late systolic murmur with non-ejection ('mid-late') systolic click
Hoffman-Rigler sign
Radiographic sign of left ventricular enlargement on lateral chest X-ray, based on LV extension behind the IVC; described by Hoffman and Rigler in 1965
Rigler notch sign
Rigler notch sign: Indentation in the border of a solid lung mass (thought to represent a feeding vessel) suggestive of a bronchial carcinoma
Rigler triad
Rigler triad; Imaging findings in patients with gallstone ileus with an ectopic gallstone causing small bowel obstruction, and pneumobilia
Leo Rigler
Leo George Rigler (1896-1979) was an American radiologist. Eponymously affiliated with Rigler sign; Rigler triad; Rigler notch sign; Hoffman-Rigler sign
Rigler sign
Radiological signs of pneumoperitoneum: history, diagnosis, and key eponyms including Rigler’s sign, Popper’s sign, football sign, and inverted V sign
John Barlow
John Brereton Barlow (1924-2008) was a South African cardiologist. Barlow described mitral valve prolapse (eponymously known as Barlow’s syndrome) in 1963