Tetanus: potentially lethal condition characterised by muscular rigidity and spasms, caused by the tetanospasmin toxin produced by Clostridium tetani, that may lead to life-threatening respiratory failure and autonomic dysregulation in severe cases
Toxoplasmosis: disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii; obligatory intracellular protozoan; cat gut multiplication -> oocysts excreted in faeces -> invasion of hosts and formation of tissue cysts (retinal and brain).
Transmission-based precautions are recommended where standard precautions alone may be insufficient to prevent transmission of an infection, such as an outbreak.
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important infectious cause of death worldwide and is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Previously known by various names including "universal precautions", standard precautions are designed to reduce the risk of microorganism transfer from both recognised and unrecognised sources to a susceptible host.
Urosepsis is a severe infection, distinguishing it from other urinary tract infections including mild pyelonephritis and accounts for ~5% of severe sepsis; whereas UTIs account for ~40% of nosocomial infections
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens for which there are limited treatment options. Vancomycin resistance in enterococci was first reported by Uttley and colleagues in 1988
Varicella Zoster VZV = an alpha herpes virus; 90% of adults have evidence of infection; spread via droplet excreted from the throat of patients with chicken pox OR via contact with vesicle fluid in chicken pox or shingles.
OVERVIEW organisms: Vibrio vulnificus and other species CLINICAL FEATURES tropical environments sea water borne cut to skin -> cellulitis -> necrotizing cellulitis profound multi-organ failure RISK FACTORS raw oyster consumption liver disease iron overload INVESTIGATIONS tissue culture blood cultures MANAGEMENT…
Léon Clément Le Fort (1829 – 1893) was a French surgeon. Eponym: Wagstaffe-Le Fort fracture (1886); Le Fort Operation for uterine prolapse; Le Fort amputation; Le Fort Male Catheter; and Le Fort sound. Godfather of FOAM 'Liberté de l'enseignement'
Waterborne Disease: major killer of the paediatric patient in the developed world
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental global emerging Gram-negative MDRO that is most commonly associated with respiratory infections in humans