AHA/ACC Guidelines (2007) – Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation of the Patient undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery Take Home Message = if assessment and evaluation not indicated irrespective of perioperative context then just crack on (its all about symptoms). 3 factors involved in risk…
USES neonatal respiratory failure (surfactant deficiency) asthma bronchiolitis DESCRIPTION METHOD OF INSERTION 3 basic parts: (1) supply humidified and heated air(2) nasal cannula or face mask(3) positive pressure provided by depth of immersion of the expiratory air flow in water…
Blood Warmer: Used with rapid transfusion rates (e.g. >50 mL/kg/hr), in already hypothermic patients or rare conditions where cold fluid delivery is problematic (e.g. cold agglutinins); massive transfusion (avoid hypothermia)
Blood gas syringe: used for blood gas analysis; collection of a blood sample for accurate analysis by a blood gas machine
Arterial line and Pressure Transducer
Blood filter: removal of microaggregates during blood transfusion; platelet, leucocyte and fibrin aggregates form in stored blood and are thought to produce pulmonary microembolism -> pulmonary dysfunction
Emergent Valve Disorders: regurgitation most common; acute or acute on chronic valve dysfunction; acute on chronic often precipitated by increase in metabolic or haemodynamic requirements (sepsis, bleeding, pregnancy).
Aortic regurgitation is diastolic reflux of blood from aorta to LV due to malposition of the aortic cusps. RISK FACTORS age enlarged aortic root diameter: Marfans, Enhlers-Danlos, oesteogenesis imperfecta, connective tissue disorders bicuspid AV atherosclerosis infective endocarditis rheumatic heart disease…
Contractility = the change in force generated independent of preload. Inotropy and contractility are essential synonymous — inotropes are agents that increase contractility.
Arguments for and against Compression Only CPR
Blood Culture Bottles: tubes for sampling blood for microbiological cultures; detection of circulating microorganisms in bacteraemia and septicaemia
Bite block: Prevent damage a patient from biting down when placing an device in or through the oral cavity, or during an intraoral procedure