Echo basics: Mitral Valve
The mitral valve is a dominant structure in most standard echocardiographic views. Understanding its anatomy in each window is essential for accurate assessment.
Cardiology
John Hay
John Hay (1873-1959) English physician first to record second degree atrioventricular (AV) block now better known as Mobitz type II AV block
Jean Lenègre
Jean Lenègre (1904–1972), French cardiologist, defined Lenègre’s disease and pioneered cardiac electrophysiology, catheterization, and bundle branch pathology
Maurice Lev
Maurice Lev (1908–1994), pathologist and teacher, defined Lev’s disease and advanced cardiac conduction and congenital heart pathology through over 500 publications
Stokes-Adams syndrome
Stokes-Adams syndrome is an abrupt, transient loss of consciousness due to a sudden but pronounced decrease in the cardiac output
Robert Adams
Robert Adams (1791–1875), Dublin physician, first described Adams–Stokes syndrome and pioneered clinical-pathological correlation in heart disease
Alfred Lewis Galabin
Alfred Lewis Galabin (1843-1913) English obstetric physician. Using an apexcardiogram he was documented atrioventricular (AV) block in humans.
Echo basics: Measurements and Reports
Echocardiography and valve measurements. Comprehensive assessment requires measurements to be made from 2D images and the waveforms generated during Doppler investigations
Echo basics: Valve Views
Echocardiography and valve views. Overview of valve disease and parasternal, apical and subcostal valve views with the echo probe
Janeway lesions
Janeway lesions; painless, haemorrhagic macules of the palms/soles linked to infective endocarditis. Edward Gamaliel Janeway (1899)
Guy Fontaine
Guy Fontaine (1936–2018), pioneer of ARVD and Epsilon wave, transformed electrophysiology through innovations in cardiac pacing, mapping, and ablation.
Echo basics: Apical and Subcostal Views
Patient position coupled with probe placement and orientation for optimal apical and subcostal views