OVERVIEW urinary catheter aka Foley catheter aka IDC or indwelling catheter INDICATIONS Bladder insertion urinary retention urine output measurement clot retention and bladder irrigation bed bound or comatose patients post-operative e.g. prostate surgery therapeutic, e.g. clot removal urinary incontinence urine…
Question A 70-year-old male presents to the ED with a 2-week history of increasing dyspnoea, cough with altered sputum and fever. Past history includes chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD), lung cancer seven years ago treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy…
Calcium has inotropic and vasopressor effects; direct relationship between ionized calcium levels in the blood and arterial pressure has been found in the critically ill
Sodium is the major positively charged Cation in ECF. It determines ECF volume. Major intravascular ion to affect osmolality…..an acute increase or decrease in serum sodium will produce an increase or decrease in serum osmolality.
Potassium is the major intracellular cation (sodium is major extracellular). 90% is exchangeable, with an inverse relationship to serum pH
This patient has severe COPD and presents in extreme distress. An initial ultrasound is performed. What does this clip show?
Mark Akenside (1721–1770) English physician and poet. First described von Recklinghausen disease (NF-1) in 1767 and Contusio cordis (1763)
A classic overdose for you to ponder in classic Q&A style, which incidentally marks the 50th toxicology conundrum on LITFL!
An ingestion of 100mg of alprazolam... Boring benzodiazepine or badness brewing? Find out in this case-based series of questions-and-answers.
Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 130 - Just when you thought your brain could unwind on a Friday, some medical trivia FFFF.
Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 132 - Just when you thought your brain could unwind on a Friday, some medical trivia FFFF.
Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 133 - Just when you thought your brain could unwind on a Friday, some medical trivia FFFF.