Pulmonary opacities on chest x-ray
There are 3 major patterns of pulmonary opacity: Airspace filling; Interstitial patterns; and Atelectasis
Pseudoinfiltrates on chest x-ray
Pseudoinfiltrates are chest x-ray findings that may be mistaken for lung lesions
Hilar enlargement on chest x-ray
Hilar enlargement reflects one of 4 types of processes: Lymphadenopathy and tumors; Pulmonary venous hypertension; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; or Increased pulmonary blood flow
Genital ulcers DDx
Genital ulcers may be infectious or non-infectious in origin. Differential diagnosis
Medical causes of abdominal pain
Although abdominal pain is generally considered a surgical disease, there are countless medical causes of abdominal pain to consider. See also abdominal pain.
Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage DDx
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is classically bleeding from above the ligament of Trietz (the suspensory muscle of duodenum that connects to the diaphragm), can is characterised by haemetemesis and melaena.
Bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy
A bulbar palsy is a lower motor neuron lesion of cranial nerves IX, X and XII. A pseudobulbar palsy is an upper motor neuron lesion of cranial nerves IX, X and XII.
Neutropaenic Sepsis
Febrile neutropaenia (or neutropaenic fever) is defined as: a single temperature measurement >=38.5C, or a sustained temperature >=38C for more than 1 hour; in a patient with a decreased absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of either <0.5 x 109/L, or <1 x 109/L with a predicted nadir of <0.5 x 109/L over the subsequent 48h
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Hepatorenal Syndrome = profound oliguria and Na+ retention in the setting of severe liver dysfunction (cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure); usually fatal unless liver transplant performed. RRT can prevent advancement of condition
Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2012
Reviewed and revised 8 January 2016 OVERVIEW The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) is a joint collaboration of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine that seeks to reduce mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock…
Sepsis Pathophysiology
OVERVIEW Organisms Bacteria-> Gram +ve’ cocci (staphylococci, streptococci)-> Gram –ve bacilli (E.coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Fungi (Candida) Viruses Parasites Complex interaction between inciting microbe host immune response inflammatory pathway coagulation pathway LPS = lipopolysaccharideTRAF6 = TNF receptor-associated factor 6NIK =…
Corticosteroid Therapy for Shock
Corticosteroids are widely used in patients with refractory septic shock, as well as other selected causes of shock. Despite numerous trials, the role of corticosteroids in septic shock remains a controversial issue... still!