Incidence and prevalence
Incidence = number of individuals who develop a disease in a given period of time. Prevalence = the current number of cases in a given population
Category Clinical Research
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Central Tendency; these indices allow a sample or population to be summarised using a single value.
Odds ratio
An odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure.
Power and Sample Size
It is unethical and a waste of time and resources to embark on a study when there is a high chance of a false negative result (Type II error). The commonest cause of this is having a sample size that is too small
Qualitative Data Types and Tests
Qualitative data consists of categorical measurements determined by description rather than a numerical measurement
Randomised control trials
The Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) is the 'gold standard' in evidence-based medicine, representing the highest levels of evidence
Confidence Intervals
Confidence intervals are the range around the sample mean within which you predict the means of the population to lie
Validity of Research and Measurements
OVERVIEW In general terms, validity is “the quality of being true or correct”, it refers to the strength of results and how accurately they reflect the real world. Thus ‘validity’ can have quite different meanings depending on the context! Reliability…
Diagnostic Tests in Research
Diagnostic tests and terms: sensitivity; specificity; positive predictive value; negative predictive value; likelihood ratio; receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve)
The Devil is in the Details
In part one of a series on clinical trials, David Denman discusses CONSORT diagrams and the CONSORT statement using the DECRA trial as an example.
Own the FEAST
We recently featured a video on what could turn out to be the emergency medicine/ critical care 'Trial of the Year'... That's right, the FEAST Trial:
Do you know if you really own the airway?
How often does a junior medical officer (or in-fact one of your senior colleagues) in your ED have four attempts at intubating a patient before he, or she, finally succeeds?