Twelfth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Summary of hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) anatomy, function, clinical signs and causes of twelfth cranial nerve lesions, including central and peripheral pathology.
Category LITFL
Eleventh Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of accessory nerve (CN XI) anatomy, function, causes and clinical signs of eleventh cranial nerve lesions, with a focus on trauma to the posterior triangle.
Tenth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of vagus nerve anatomy, innervation, clinical examination, and common causes of tenth cranial nerve lesions including central and peripheral pathologies.
Ninth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) anatomy, function, clinical assessment, and causes of lesions, including central and peripheral pathology.
Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction
Pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) describes obstruction of urine flow from the renal pelvis into the proximal ureter. It can be congenital or acquired and may be asymptomatic. Severe cases can lead to infection and renal function loss.
Alexander Wallace
Alexander Burns Wallace (1906–1974) was a Scottish plastic surgeon. Published the Wallace Rules of nine for burn size estimation in 1951
Adolf Rinne
Heinrich Adolf Rinne (1819-1868) was a German otologist best remembered for the eponymous Rinne test — a fundamental clinical tool in the assessment of hearing loss.
Eighth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) lesions: causes, clinical features, hearing tests, investigations and management — including assessment of both cochlear and vestibular function
Macroscopic haematuria (non-trauma)
Macroscopic haematuria (visible/gross haematuria) refers to blood clearly visible in urine, unlike microscopic haematuria which is detected only via dipstick.
Seventh Cranial Nerve Lesions
Seventh cranial nerve (CN VII) lesions: causes, clinical signs, investigations, and management — with focus on Bell’s palsy and central vs peripheral patterns.
Sixth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Overview of sixth cranial nerve (CN VI) lesions — causes, clinical features, investigations, and management for Emergency Medicine and Neurology.
Fifth Cranial Nerve Lesions
Fifth cranial nerve (CN V) lesions: causes, anatomy, clinical signs, investigations, and management for Emergency Medicine and Neurology