Presentation A 24 year old male presents with 36 hours of right testicular pain. He is a poor historian and can’t provide details for the onset, although he has risk factors for sexually transmitted infection. His right testis is swollen…
Central venous pressure (CVP) is the pressure recorded from the right atrium or superior vena cava and is representative of the filling pressure of the right side of the heart
Hyperammonemia: High levels of ammonia in the blood (typical reference range, 11-35 umol/L). This is rare, except in the presence of liver failure.
There are 3 major patterns of pulmonary opacity: Airspace filling; Interstitial patterns; and Atelectasis
Pseudoinfiltrates are chest x-ray findings that may be mistaken for lung lesions
Hilar enlargement reflects one of 4 types of processes: Lymphadenopathy and tumors; Pulmonary venous hypertension; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; or Increased pulmonary blood flow
Genital ulcers may be infectious or non-infectious in origin. Differential diagnosis
Although abdominal pain is generally considered a surgical disease, there are countless medical causes of abdominal pain to consider. See also abdominal pain.
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is classically bleeding from above the ligament of Trietz (the suspensory muscle of duodenum that connects to the diaphragm), can is characterised by haemetemesis and melaena.
A bulbar palsy is a lower motor neuron lesion of cranial nerves IX, X and XII. A pseudobulbar palsy is an upper motor neuron lesion of cranial nerves IX, X and XII.
Febrile neutropaenia (or neutropaenic fever) is defined as: a single temperature measurement >=38.5C, or a sustained temperature >=38C for more than 1 hour; in a patient with a decreased absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of either <0.5 x 109/L, or <1 x 109/L with a predicted nadir of <0.5 x 109/L over the subsequent 48h
Hepatorenal Syndrome = profound oliguria and Na+ retention in the setting of severe liver dysfunction (cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure); usually fatal unless liver transplant performed. RRT can prevent advancement of condition