Mitochondrial dysfunction
Mitochondria are the intracellular organelles that produce the bulk of the body’s energy currency (ATP). they are derived from endosymbiotic prokaryotes around the time of the origin of eukaryotic cells
Large bowel obstruction DDx
In an adult, large bowel obstruction is cancer until proven otherwise. Key radiological features are dilated bowel loops that are peripheral, contain haustra and contain faeces.
Dysphagia DDx
Differential diagnosis of dysphagia - difficulty swallowing.
Scrotal mass
Differential diagnosis of the scrotal mass. See also scrotal pain and inguinal mass (in abdominal mass)
Kidney mass
Causes of a kidney mass, or an enlarged kidney; unilateral or bilateral
Pulmonary mechanics
Determining compliance and resistance within a respiratory system is important during the management of mechanical ventilation.
Oxygen-Haemoglobin Dissociation Curve
sigmoid shape of the oxy-Hb dissociation curve results from the allosteric interactions of the globin monomers that make up the haemoglobin tetramer as each one binds O2. Multiple factors can affect the affinity of Hb for oxygen, thus causing the curve to shift to the left (increased oxygen affinity) or to the right (decreased O2 affinity)
ARDS Literature Summaries
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Literature Summaries
Flow versus Time Graph
Flow versus Time Graph: constant flow = volume control; decelerating flow = any mode
Hyperkalaemia CCC
Clinical Cases Hyperkalaemia DDx Hyperkalaemia management Hyperkalemia Case Study Causes of HYPERkalaemia Serum potassium levels above the normal range (3.5-5.0 mmol/L) 1) Increased potassium intake (rare) Oral (potassium supplements) IV (transfusion of stored blood, supplement infusions) 2) Increased production Tissue…
Facial twitches DDx
Recurrent facial twitches are most commonly due to hemifacial spasm, but this needs to be distinguished from other causes.
Parkinsonism
Parkinsonism is a combination of resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and loss of postural reflexes. Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common form, but must be distinguished from its imitators.