Giovanni Mingazzini
Giovanni Mingazzini (1859-1929) Founder of the Roman School of Neurology; described lenticular hemiparesis, Mingazzini test, and Mingazzini field; pioneer in aphasia and cerebellar anatomy.
Category LITFL
James Sherren
James Sherren (1872-1945) British General surgeon. Eponym: Sherren's triangle - area of hyperaesthesia associated with appendicitis
Tardive dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia is a chronic, often permanent, hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by dopamine-blocking drugs—preventable with early detection and VMAT2 inhibitors.
Transient Global Amnesia
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome of reversible anterograde amnesia. It is an isolated disorder of memory function, generally resolving within 24 hours with a benign prognosis.
FFS: Amaurosis fugax
Amaurosis fugax is sudden, painless, transient monocular vision loss from retinal ischaemia—an emergency signalling high stroke risk, requiring urgent carotid evaluation and stroke unit admission
Transient Ischaemic Attack
TIA is a brief neurological event with high stroke risk. Urgent imaging, specialist review, and early treatment are critical to prevent ischaemic stroke
FFS: Guillain‑Barré syndrome
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyneuropathy presenting with symmetric ascending weakness, reflex loss, and autonomic symptoms—emergency exclusion of spinal lesions
FFS: Transverse myelitis
Transverse myelitis is a rare neuro-inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord causing motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. Urgent MRI is essential.
FFS: Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful cranial nerve disorder causing brief, intense facial pain. Diagnosis is clinical, with MRI to exclude secondary causes
Wernicke encephalopathy
Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute, reversible encephalopathy caused by thiamine deficiency, classically presenting with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion.
FFS: Vestibular Neuronitis
Vestibular neuronitis causes acute peripheral vertigo. Corticosteroids improve recovery. Differentiation from central causes is key in ED.
FFS: BPPV
Vestibular migraine presents as episodic vertigo with or without headache. Diagnosis is clinical and often made by a neurologist after excluding other causes