Hypoxaemia in Toxicology
AGENTS CLINICAL FEATURES INVESTIGATIONS SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT AND TRIGGERS FOR INTERVENTION Cyanide Carbon monoxide Methaemoglobinaemia References and Links
AGENTS CLINICAL FEATURES INVESTIGATIONS SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT AND TRIGGERS FOR INTERVENTION Cyanide Carbon monoxide Methaemoglobinaemia References and Links
Paracetamol overdose is the most common cause of fulminant hepatic failure in the USA (39% of cases). Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity is defined as a peak elevation in hepatic transaminases (ALT or AST) > 1000 IU/L in the context of paracetamol overdose
Fulminant Hepatic Failure = rapid onset of encephalopathy in conjunction with hepatic synthetic failure.
Local Anaesthetic Toxicity-> sodium channel blockade -> arrhythmias and neurotoxicity
Reviewed and revised 14 September 2014 OVERVIEW Methaemoglobinaemia is the state of excessive methaemoglobin in the blood CAUSES Congenital Acquired (toxin/drugs) CLINICAL FEATURES INVESTIGATIONS MANAGEMENT Resuscitation Specific therapy Supportive care and monitoring REASONS FOR FAILURE OF METHYLENE BLUE Consider the…
True sympatholytic agents (e.g. alpha-blockers like phentolamine, and vasodilatory agents such as GTN, SNP, etc)≥ Also beta-blocker; ca2+ blocker;
clonidine; digoxin
Theophylline and caffeine are the most commonly encountered methylxanthines. Theophylline = water soluble aminophylline derivative; cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Cause Central (Failed ADH secretion) Nephrogenic (No response to ADH) (Failed concentrating ability) Drugs References and Links
High airway pressures in the intubated patient can signify the presence of a life-threatening emergency. The underlying cause is either with the 'man or the machine' (patient versus equipment). A structured approach to this problem is essential.
Haemoptysis is the symptom of coughing up blood. Massive haemoptysis has no generally accepted definition. Suggested volumes range from 100 mL to more than 1000 mL. A more relevant definition of massive haemoptysis is the volume that is life threatening by virtue of airway obstruction or blood loss (anatomical dead space is only 100-200 mL)
Honeycomb lung differential diagnosis
Increased interstitial markings seen on chest x-ray may also be referred to as a fine reticular pattern