CLASS MECHANISM OF ACTION DIRECT:inhibition of Na/K ATPase on the cell surface-> increased intracellular Na+ and increased extracellular K+-> increased intracellular Ca2+ due to Na+/Ca2+ antiporter-> calcium-medated inotropy and increased automaticity, as well as negative dromotropy due to decreased intracellular K+ INDIRECT…
Renal replacement therapy (RRT): Troubleshooting
The work up of patients with sudden severe headache centers on excluding subarachnoid hemorrhage, however there are numerous other causes.
Differential diagnosis of tremor - a rhythmical alternating movement
Ventriculomegaly is due to cerebral atrophy (e.g., Parkinson disease) or increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles.
Blepharospasm is uncontrollable blinking as a result of repeated involuntary orbicularis oculi contraction. It is always bilateral, but may briefly be unilateral at onset. It subsides when asleep.
Communications Viva
Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome characterized by loss of physiologic and cognitive reserves in vulnerability that predisposes to the accumulation of deficits and adverse outcomes from acute stressors
Ageing is the process of growing old, and may result in frailty. There is no standard definition for elderly (? age>65y, ?regional life expectancy differs (ie. Africa vs West)). The precise mechanisms underlying ageing are poorly understood
Main goals of interventional radiology (IR) therapies: stop bleeding without surgery; relieve obstruction; drain collections; and insert therapeutic or prophylactic devices
Pelvic stabilization is an important simple intervention in the management of severe pelvic trauma, and has 4 main objectives: Prevent re-injury from pathological pelvic motion (most important clinically); Decrease pelvic volume; Tamponade bleeding pelvic bones and vessels; Decrease pain
Post-splenectomy patients are at increased risk of infection from encapsulated organisms which can (very rarely) lead to overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis (OPSS); have distinctive findings on full blood count (FBC) and the blood film