Courvoisier’s Sign
Courvoisier’s sign: palpable gallbladder with painless jaundice suggests malignant obstruction, not gallstones. A key clinical diagnostic clue.
Kernohan-Woltman Notch Phenomenon
Kernohan-Woltman Notch Phenomenon (KWNP): false localising sign with mass effect and ipsilateral hemiparesis via contralateral peduncle compression.
James Kernohan
James W. Kernohan (1896–1981), pioneer of glioma grading and the Kernohan notch, shaped modern neuropathology through diagnostic clarity and clinical insight.
Henry Woltman
Henry Woltman (1889–1964), Mayo Clinic neurologist, Kernohan-Woltman notch, stiff-man syndrome, and myxoedema reflex; leader in U.S. neurology
Woltman sign
Woltman’s Sign is delayed reflex relaxation in hypothyroidism, often seen as a hung-up ankle jerk; a classic but non-specific clinical finding.
Léon Bouveret
Léon Bouveret (1850-1929) was a French internal medicine physician. Eponymous terms Maladie de Bouveret (1889) and Bouveret Syndrome (1895)
History of the gallstone ileus
history of gallstone ileus: from early autopsy reports to surgical breakthroughs, tracing its clinical evolution from Courvoisier to Clavien
Ludwig Courvoisier
Ludwig Georg Courvoisier (1843-1918) was a Swiss surgeon, academic, and naturalist best remembered for Courvoisier’s sign / law (1890)
Bouveret Syndrome
Bouveret syndrome: gastric outlet obstruction following passage of a gallstone from gallbladder to duodenum/pylorus via bilioenteric fistula
Morell Mackenzie
Sir Morell Mackenzie (1837–1892), pioneer of laryngology, founder of the Throat Hospital, author of the ‘laryngologist’s Bible’, and royal physician
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Mallory–Weiss syndrome: upper GI bleeding from gastroesophageal tears. History, key figures, first descriptions, diagnosis, and treatment.
Soma Weiss
Soma Weiss (1898-1942) was a Hungarian-born American physician. Mallory-Weiss Syndrome/lesion/tear and Charcot-Weiss-Baker Syndrome.