Echo basics: Mitral Stenosis
Echocardiography basics. Grading and quantifying mitral stenosis (MS) with planimetry, pulsed wave Doppler, PHT and Continuity Equation Method
Neuro 101: Spinal Cord
Neuro 101: anatomical structure of the spinal cord and vertebral column, spinal nerve organisation, blood supply, motor and sensory pathways, clinical examination principles
Neuro 101: Cranial Nerves
Neuro 101: A brief overview of the cranial nerves, their function, methods of testing and common pathology
Echo basics: Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common pathology detected during echocardiography. Accurate identification and grading rely heavily on colour and spectral Doppler imaging across multiple standard views.
Neuro 101: Brainstem
Neuro 101: The brainstem is organised into three regions: the medulla, pons, and midbrain. A review of pathology and syndromes
Echo basics: Mitral Valve
The mitral valve is a dominant structure in most standard echocardiographic views. Understanding its anatomy in each window is essential for accurate assessment.
Neuro 101: Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
Neuro 101: The primary role of the cerebellum is to modulate the descending fibres of the corticospinal tract. It regulates muscle tone and coordination and controls posture and gait.
McGinn-White pattern
McGinn and White first described the so-called S1Q3T3 pattern in five patients with acute cor pulmonale secondary to pulmonary embolism.
Rendu-Osler-Weber disease
Rendu-Osler-Weber disease (aka Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by epistaxis, cutaneous telangiectasia, and visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
Alfred Lewis Galabin
Alfred Lewis Galabin (1843-1913) English obstetric physician. Using an apexcardiogram he was documented atrioventricular (AV) block in humans.
Echo basics: Measurements and Reports
Echocardiography and valve measurements. Comprehensive assessment requires measurements to be made from 2D images and the waveforms generated during Doppler investigations
Neuro 101: Cerebral Hemispheres
Neuro 101: Cerebral Hemispheres. Clinicoanatomic correlation for frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Overview of anterior and posterior arterial circulation