Open Chest Management and Delayed Sternal Closure
Open Chest Management (OCM) and Delayed Sternal Closure (DSC) is used following 1-4% of surgical procedures involving cardiotomy in adults, and more commonly in paediatrics
Tunnel vision DDx
Tunnel vision refers to peripheral constriction of the visual fields. Differential diagnosis.
Underwater Seal Chest Drainage System
A system that allows drainage of the pleural space using an airtight system to maintain subatmospheric intrapleural pressure; the underwater seal acts a one-way valve
Intercostal Catheter (Chest Drain)
Intercostal Catheter (Chest Drain) tube inserted into pleural space to allow drainage of contents
Central Venous Catheters
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) is a cannula placed in a central vein (e.g. subclavian, internal jugular or femoral)
Cardiac Output Measurement
Cardiac output; Adolf Eugen Fick (1829-1901) in 1870, was the first to measure cardiac output; assumes oxygen consumption is a function of rate of blood flow and rate of oxygen pick pick up by RBC’s.
Capnography and CO2 Detectors
Capnography and CO2 Detectors: help confirm endotracheal intubation; monitor ventilation during procedural sedation (e.g. via Hudson mask) without mechanical ventilation; monitoring during mechanical ventilation
Capnography Waveform Interpretation
Capnography waveform interpretation can be used for diagnosis and ventilator-trouble shooting. The CO2 waveform can be analyzed for 5 characteristics:–Height–Frequency–Rhythm–Baseline–Shape
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) Ventilation
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) apparatus are also known as manual resuscitators and as self-inflating resuscitation systems
AHA/ACC Guidelines (2007)
AHA/ACC Guidelines (2007) – Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation of the Patient undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery Take Home Message = if assessment and evaluation not indicated irrespective of perioperative context then just crack on (its all about symptoms). 3 factors involved in risk…
Bubble CPAP
USES neonatal respiratory failure (surfactant deficiency) asthma bronchiolitis DESCRIPTION METHOD OF INSERTION 3 basic parts: (1) supply humidified and heated air(2) nasal cannula or face mask(3) positive pressure provided by depth of immersion of the expiratory air flow in water…
Blood Warmer
Blood Warmer: Used with rapid transfusion rates (e.g. >50 mL/kg/hr), in already hypothermic patients or rare conditions where cold fluid delivery is problematic (e.g. cold agglutinins); massive transfusion (avoid hypothermia)