ECG in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A review of the ECG abnormalities seen in chronic lung disease (CLD) such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the least common form of cardiomyopathy. ECG features include low voltage QRS complexes, and non-specific ST segment and T wave changes
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) results in characteristic ECG changes of "dagger-like" Q waves and large precordial voltages
Carbamazepine Cardiotoxicity
Massive carbamazepine overdose (> 50mg/kg) is associated with cardiotoxicity due to fast sodium channel blockade.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) characterised by ventricular dilatation and global myocardial dysfunction (ejection fraction < 40%).
Biventricular Hypertrophy
A review of the ECG features of biventricular hypertrophy (BVH) with LVH and RVH or the Katz-Wachtel phenomenon LITFL ECG Library
Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia (BVT)
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BVT) is a rare ventricular dysrhythmia characterised by a beat-to-beat alternation of the frontal QRS axis
Benign Early Repolarisation
ECG changes of benign early repolarisation (BER, J-point elevation, high take-off). Tips to distinguish BER from acute pericarditis
Beta-blocker and Calcium-channel blocker toxicity
A review of the ECG changes seen in beta-blocker and calcium-channel blocker poisonings, including propranolol and sotalol, with example ECGs.
AV block: 3rd degree (complete heart block)
3rd degree AV block is characterised by complete AV dissociation, with no supraventricular impulses conducted to the ventricles
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Lifetime risk over the age of 40 years is ~25%. ashman phenomenon
Atrial Flutter
Atrial flutter is a type of supraventricular tachycardia caused by a re-entry circuit within the right atrium