
Kovacs sign
Kovacs sign in hyperangulated video laryngoscopy: recognise over-rotation, restricted POGO views and the geometry required for easier tube delivery.

Kovacs sign in hyperangulated video laryngoscopy: recognise over-rotation, restricted POGO views and the geometry required for easier tube delivery.

History of epidural needles and catheters from caudal access and loss of resistance to Tuohy, Curbelo and modern catheter design.

History of spinal needles from early lumbar puncture and Quincke cutting bevels to Greene, Whitacre and Sprotte atraumatic designs reducing PDPH.

William Wayne Babcock Jr (1872-1963), American surgeon linked to spinal anaesthesia, Babcock forceps, vein stripping, cranioplasty and surgical innovation.

Gustav Killian (1860-1921) German laryngologist and father of bronchoscopy who pioneered direct bronchoscopy, suspension laryngoscopy and airway endoscopy.

Benjamin Guy Babington (1794–1866) developed the glottiscope in 1829 and made pioneering contributions to epidemiology, blood chemistry and hereditary epistaxis.

George Kovacs: Canadian emergency physician, airway educator and AIME co-founder known for the Kovacs sign, cadaver training and airway guidelines.

Ombrédanne–Armingeat syndrome: historical infant postoperative pallor–hyperthermia syndrome and relationship to malignant hyperthermia.

George Philo Pitkin (1885-1943), American surgeon. Inventor of Spinocain, Pitkin spinal needle, syringe and tiltometer for controllable spinal anaesthesia.

John Snow (1813-1858), English physician. Pioneer of anaesthesia and epidemiology. Defined etherization stages and traced cholera outbreaks to contaminated water in London.

Emery A. Rovenstine (1895–1960), American anaesthesiologist linked to directional spinal needle, nerve block and geriatric anaesthesia.

Charles Gabriel Pravaz (1791–1853). French orthopaedic surgeon developed the Pravaz syringe, an early controlled injection device for aneurysm treatment.