Handwashing in ICU
Handwashing in ICU: nosocomial infection associated with -> increased health costs -> increased morbidity and mortality
Healthcare Associated Infections
Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are infections acquired in healthcare facilities and infections that occur as a result of healthcare interventions, which may manifest after people leave the healthcare facility
HIV and AIDS
OVERVIEW HIV = retrovirus infection -> infection of T-helper lymphocytes (CD4+) and progressively destroys them -> immunosuppression 40 million patients in the world 2 types: HIV 1 and HIV 2 (West Africa) modes of transmission: sexual intercourse, mother to child…
Infectious Diseases Literature Summaries
Infectious Diseases Literature Summaries
Influenza
OVERVIEW caused by influenza A and B viruses CLINICAL FEATURES fever (>38 C)+/- one systemic symptoms (myalgia)+/- one respiratory symptoms-> 70% chance of having influenza INVESTIGATIONS nasopharyneal viral swab MANAGEMENT Active Treatment neuraminidase inhibitors are of no benefit unless started…
Liver Failure Definitions and Scoring Systems
Liver Failure Definitions and Scoring Systems
Gastrointestinal Literature Summaries
Gastrointestinal Literature Summaries
Coagulopathy in Liver Dysfunction
Coagulopathy in Liver Dysfunction; defined as INR >1.5 due to liver dysfunction; patients are not 'auto-anticoagulated' - they are often in a procoagulant state!
Abnormal LFTs Post Vascular Surgery
CAUSES pre-existing liver disease (+/- exacerbation) drug induced (paracetamol, statins, amiodarone, antibiotics, NSAIDs, beta-blockers, ranitidine, volatiles) ischaemic (post clamping above hepatic artery, thrombosis, embolic, hypotension) surgical injury nutrition (TPN, EN) acalculous cholecystitis transfusion related hepatitis ASSESSMENT History pre-operative liver function…
Fluid administration device flow rates
Rapid fluid administration is potentially life-saving in the resuscitation setting; flow rates achieved depend on the devices used in fluid administration, largely in agreement with Poiseuille's law
Perioperative fluid management
Perioperative fluid management: an adequate and timely replacement of actual losses with appropriate preparations seems to be an ideal primary approach