fbpx

Peripheral neuropathy DDx

Overview

Diseases that affect the the peripheral nerves, either motor or sensory. Important subgroups for differential diagnosis are: predominately motor, painful peripheral neuropathies and mononeuritis multiplex

Mononeuritis multiplex is a painful, asymmetrical, asynchronous sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy involving isolated damage to at least 2 separate nerve areas that can be in random areas of the body.

Causes

Peripheral neuropathies

“DAM IT BICH”

  • drugs and toxins – e.g. heavy metals, isoniazid, vincristine, phenytoin, nitrofurantoin, cis-platinum, amiodarone, larges of vitamin B6,
  • alcohol and amyloid
  • metabolic – e.g. DM (30%), acromegaly, hypothyroidism
  • infectious/post- – e.g. Lyme, diptheria, GBS
  • tumor – e.g. lung CA
  • B12, B1, B5 or B6 deficiency
  • idiopathic (30%)
  • CTD or vasculitis, e.g. SLE, PAN
  • hereditary (30%)

or the alternative “DAM IT BITCH”:

  • D Drugs and chemicals (Pb, phenytoin, metronidazole, amiodarone, hydralazine, vincristine, isoniazid, organic solvents, sulphonamides, nitrofurantoin, CO, OPs).
  • A alcohol (with or without Thiamine deficiency)
  • M metabolic (diabetes, hypoglycemia, uraemia)
  • I infection (HIV, leprosy, lyme, diptheria, syphilis) or post infectious (GBS)
  • T tumour (paraneoplastic phenomenon – lung, lymphoma, myeloma)
  • B B12 & other vitamin deficiency states, as well as pyridoxine excess
  • I idiopathic and infiltrative (e.g. amyloidosis)
  • T toxins (botulism, ciguatera, Tetrodotoxin, Saxitoxin, BRO, tick paralysis)
  • C connective tissue diseases (e.g. SLE, PAN, RhA) and congenital (e.g. CMT)
  • H Hypothyroidism

Predominately motor peripheral neuropathy

  • Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy
  • Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Others-e.g. acute intermittent porphyria, lead poisoning, diphtheria, multifocal conduction block neuropathy

Painful peripheral neuropathy

“BADCAP”

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Alcohol
  • Vitamin B1 or B12 deficiency
  • Carcinoma
  • Porphyria
  • Arsenic or thallium poisoning

Mononeuritis multiplex

Acute

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Polyarteritis nodosum
  • Connective tissue diseases, e.g. SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis

Chronic

  • multiple compressive neuropathies
  • sarcoidosis
  • acromegaly
  • leprosy
  • Lyme disease
  • idiopathic

Polyneuropathies with autonomic involvement

These are the common ones:

  • diabetes mellitus
  • amyloidosis
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome
  • Paraneoplastic neuropathy (usually lung cancer)
  • Sogren’s syndrome-associated neuropathy

Journal Articles and Textbooks

  • Burns JM, Mauermann ML, Burns TM. An easy approach to evaluating peripheral neuropathy. J Fam Pract. 2006 Oct;55(10):853-61. Review. PubMed PMID: 17014750. [Free Full Text]
  • Talley NJ, O’Connor S. Clinical Examination: A Systematic Guide to Physical Diagnosis. MacLennan and Petty. 3rd edition, 1998.

CCC Differential Diagnosis Series

NEURO

Anosmia, Ataxia, Blepharospasm, Bulbar and Pseudobulbar palsy, Central Pontine Myelinosis, Cerebellar Disease, Chorea, Cranial nerve lesions, Dementia, Dystonia, Exophthalmos, Eye trauma, Facial twitches, Fixed dilated pupil, Horner syndrome, Loss of vision, Meningism, Movement disorders, Optic disc abnormality, Parkinsonism, Peripheral neuropathy, Radiculopathy, Red eye, Retinal Haemorrhage, Seizures, Sudden severe headache, Tremor, Tunnel vision

RESP

Bronchial breath sounds, Bronchiectasis, High airway pressures, Massive haemoptysis, Sore throat, Tracheal displacement

CVS

Atrial Fibrillation, Bradycardia, Cardiac Failure, Chest Pain, Murmurs, Post-resuscitation syndrome, Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA), Pulsus Paradoxus, Shock, Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), Tachycardia, VT and VF, SVC Obstruction

GIT

Abdominal distension, Abdominal mass, Abdominal pain, Asterixis, Dysphagia, Hepatomegaly, Hepatosplenomegaly, Large bowel obstruction, Liver palpation abnormalities, Lower GI haemorrhage, Malabsorption, Medical causes of abdominal pain, Rectal mass, Small bowel obstruction, Upper GI Haemorrhage

GUT

Genital ulcers, Groin lump, Scrotal mass, Urine colour, Urine Odour, Urine transparency

MSK

Arthritis, Shoulder pain, Wasting of the small muscles of the hand

DERM

Palmar erythema, Serious skin signs in sick patients, Thickened Tethered Skin, Leg ulcers, Skin Tumour, Acanthosis Nigricans

ENDO

Diabetes Insipidus, Diffuse Goitre, Gynaecomastia, Hirsutism, Hypoglycaemia, SIADH, Weight Loss

HAEM

Splenomegaly

PAEDS

Floppy infant 

MISC

Anaphylaxis, Autoimmune associated diseases, Clubbing, Parotid Swelling, Splinter haemorrhages, Toxic agents and abnormal vitals, Toxicological causes of cardiac arrest

IMAGING

CHEST: Atelectasis, Hilar adenopathy, Hilar enlargement on CXR, Honeycomb lung, Increased interstitial markings, Mediastinal widening on mobile CXR, Pulmonary fibrosis, Pseudoinfiltrates on CXR, Pulmonary opacities on CXR,
ABDO: 
Gas on abdominal X-ray, Kidney mass,
BRAIN: 
Intracranial calcification, Intracranial structures with contrastVentriculomegaly,
OTHER: Pseudofracture on X-Ray

LABS

LOW: Anaemia, Hypocalcaemia, hypochloraemia, Hypomagnesaemia

HIGH: Bilirubin and Jaundice, HyperammonaemiaHypercalcaemia, Hyperchloraemia, Hyperkalaemia, Hypermagnesaemia

ACID BASE: Acid base disorders, Resp. acidosis, Resp. alkalosis,

Creatinine, CRP, Dipstick Urinalysis, Laboratory Urinalysis, Liver function tests (LFTs), Pleural fluid analysis, Urea, Urea Creatinine Ratio, Uric acid, Urinalysis, Urine Electrolytes


[cite]


CCC 700 6

Critical Care

Compendium

Chris is an Intensivist and ECMO specialist at the Alfred ICU in Melbourne. He is also a Clinical Adjunct Associate Professor at Monash University. He is a co-founder of the Australia and New Zealand Clinician Educator Network (ANZCEN) and is the Lead for the ANZCEN Clinician Educator Incubator programme. He is on the Board of Directors for the Intensive Care Foundation and is a First Part Examiner for the College of Intensive Care Medicine. He is an internationally recognised Clinician Educator with a passion for helping clinicians learn and for improving the clinical performance of individuals and collectives.

After finishing his medical degree at the University of Auckland, he continued post-graduate training in New Zealand as well as Australia’s Northern Territory, Perth and Melbourne. He has completed fellowship training in both intensive care medicine and emergency medicine, as well as post-graduate training in biochemistry, clinical toxicology, clinical epidemiology, and health professional education.

He is actively involved in in using translational simulation to improve patient care and the design of processes and systems at Alfred Health. He coordinates the Alfred ICU’s education and simulation programmes and runs the unit’s education website, INTENSIVE.  He created the ‘Critically Ill Airway’ course and teaches on numerous courses around the world. He is one of the founders of the FOAM movement (Free Open-Access Medical education) and is co-creator of litfl.com, the RAGE podcast, the Resuscitology course, and the SMACC conference.

His one great achievement is being the father of three amazing children.

On Twitter, he is @precordialthump.

| INTENSIVE | RAGE | Resuscitology | SMACC

Leave a Reply

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.