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Midazolam

CLASS

  • imidazobenzodiazepine

MECHANISM OF ACTION

  • act via benzodiazepine receptor in CNS
  • linked and facilitate action of the GABA receptor.
  • chloride channel activation -> hyperpolarises membrane.
  • also a kappa-opioid agonist -> benzodiazepine induced spinal analgesia.
    1. hypnosis
    2. sedation
    3. anterograde anaesthesia
    4. anxiolysis
    5. anticonvulsant
    6. muscle relaxation

PHARMACEUTICS

  • clear, colourless solution, glass vial

DOSE

  • IV, PR, Intrathecal, Epidural, PO
  • IM – 0.08mg/kg (premed)
  • IV – 0.1mg/kg (sedation) – titrated to response, end point = slurred speech, onset 3min, infusion 0.03-0.2mg/kg/hr
  • Intrathecal – 0.5 to 2mg
  • Epidural – 0.1 to 0.2mg/kg

INDICATIONS

  1. induction of anaesthesia
  2. sedation
  3. pre-medication
  4. treatment of chronic pain

ADVERSE EFFECTS

  • withdrawal effect during prolonged infusion

PHARMACOKINETICS

  • Absorption – bioavailability 40%
  • Distribution – 96% protein bound, Vd 1L/kg
  • Metabolism – hepatic, active metabolites
  • Elimination – urinary, t1/2 = 2.5 hrs

CCC Neurocritical Care Series

CCC Pharmacology Series

Critical Care

Compendium

Chris is an Intensivist and ECMO specialist at The Alfred ICU, where he is Deputy Director (Education). He is a Clinical Adjunct Associate Professor at Monash University, the Lead for the  Clinician Educator Incubator programme, and a CICM First Part Examiner.

He is an internationally recognised Clinician Educator with a passion for helping clinicians learn and for improving the clinical performance of individuals and collectives. He was one of the founders of the FOAM movement (Free Open-Access Medical education) has been recognised for his contributions to education with awards from ANZICS, ANZAHPE, and ACEM.

His one great achievement is being the father of three amazing children.

On Bluesky, he is @precordialthump.bsky.social and on the site that Elon has screwed up, he is @precordialthump.

| INTENSIVE | RAGE | Resuscitology | SMACC

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